A Fluid Universe Without a Beginning

In the paper's words

Standard cosmological models face a foundational epistemic crisis at the Big Bang singularity, where the geometric description of General Relativity breaks down. This paper proposes a unified framework integrating Whiteheadian Process Philosophy with the hydrodynamics of a “stiff” superfluid vacuum. To reconcile the relativistic requirement for a frictionless vacuum with the thermodynamic requirement for a dissipative “process,” we adopt a Two-Fluid Model characteristic of quantum liquids.

The abstract, verbatim, and its opening sentence is the claim. Every line below is quoted from the text.

Numbers it reports

1. This mapping introduces an intrinsic “arrow of time” defined by the generation of information entropy within the vacuum fluid (Brooke, 2025).

   from 1.3 Process Ontology

2. This principle of Thermodynamic Continuity asserts that energy and entropy cannot be created or destroyed discontinuously, even across the transition of a “Big Bang” or “Big Bounce” (Almeida, 2025).

   from 1.4 Thermodynamic Continuity

3. The resulting equations of motion are derived as follows: $$ H_{cons} = \frac{p^2}{2m} + \frac{1}{2}kq^2 $$ $$ \mathcal{R} = \frac{1}{2} \gamma \left(\frac{p}{m}\right)^2 $$ $$ \frac{dE}{dt} = -2\mathcal{R} = -\frac{\gamma p^2}{m^2} $$ Here, $q$ represents the generalized coordinate of the spacetime metric (scale factor), $p$ is the conjugate momentum (expansion rate), $m$ is the effective mass of the vacuum condensate, and $\gamma$ is the viscosity coefficient (Sbitnev, 2015).

   from 3.1 Hamiltonian

4. To verify thermodynamic continuity, we utilize the Information Entropy (Shannon Entropy) of the energy density distribution, which measures the structural complexity of the vacuum (Brooke, 2025).

   from 3.4 Entropy Current Definition

5. The resulting evolution over 300 epochs reveals a distinct thermodynamic arc: Epoch $t=0$ (Primordial): The universe begins in a quiescent state with relatively low dissipation ($\Phi \approx 5.15$) and high entropy ($S \approx 4.29$).

   from 4.2 Topological Analog

6. Epoch $t=299$ (Late Universe): Following the shock, the system relaxes into a stable state with lower dissipation ($\Phi \approx 3.72$) and lower information entropy ($S \approx 4.18$).

   from 4.2 Topological Analog

How it is done

1. By deriving a non-conservative Process-Hamiltonian , we define a physical arrow of time driven by the viscosity of the vacuum’s normal component.

   from Abstract

2. This approach, grounded in condensed matter analogies, posits that the vacuum possesses physical properties analogous to a quantum liquid, such as Helium-3 (Volovik, 2004).

   from 1.2 The Hydrodynamic

3. Constraints: The ‘Toy Universe’ To empirically test the thermodynamic continuity of this framework, we construct a computational simulation of a “Toy Universe.” We utilize the 1D Viscous Burgers’ Equation as a rigorous proxy for the momentum transport in the cosmological fluid (Almeida, 2025): $$ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + u \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \nu \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} $$ Parameter Justification and Scaling: We select a kinematic viscosity of $\nu = 0.1$.

   from 3.3 Simulation

4. The computational simulation utilizes the Finite Difference Method, verified against standard analytical solutions for shock propagation.

   from 3.6 Verification Protocols

What would falsify it

1. While the singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking successfully predict the breakdown of geodesic completeness within a classical framework, they do not describe a physical termination of reality, but rather the failure of the geometric description itself (Jha, 2023).

   from 1.1 The Crisis of

2. If the universe is fundamentally a process of becoming, then the thermodynamic principles governing this process must remain invariant across cosmological epochs.

   from 1.4 Thermodynamic Continuity

3. Metrics To bridge the gap between simulation and potential empirical observation, we establish specific observable signatures derived from the fluid dynamics: Viscosity Peaks: We track the effective dissipation rate $\Phi(t)$ to identify “cosmological phase transitions.” A spike in dissipation corresponds to a “Big Bang” or “Shock” event.

   from 3.5 Observable Signature

Where the claim stops

1. However, at cosmological singularities, the expansion rates or particle energies exceed $v_c$, triggering the breakdown of superfluidity and the onset of the “Normal Component” viscosity described in Section 2.2 (Volovik, 2004).

   from 5.6 Limitations and the Drag

2. It cannot capture essential 3D phenomena like vortex stretching, which is a key mechanism of energy cascades in turbulence.

   from 5.6 Limitations and the Drag

3. While the singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking successfully predict the breakdown of geodesic completeness within a classical framework, they do not describe a physical termination of reality, but rather the failure of the geometric description itself (Jha, 2023).

   from 1.1 The Crisis of

Where to read

1. Rethinking23 words · 1 min
2. Abstract158 words · 1 min
3. Keywords16 words · 1 min
4. 1.0 Introduction1,015 words · 4 min
5. 2.0857 words · 4 min
6. 3.0749 words · 3 min
7. 4.0 Results:687 words · 3 min
8. 5.01,095 words · 5 min
9. 6.0 Conclusion562 words · 2 min
10. Appendices364 words · 2 min